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Foot & Ankle

Morton's Neuroma: the pebble-in-the-shoe forefoot pain.

Morton's neuroma is an irritated, thickened nerve between the toes, usually causing burning forefoot pain and a sensation like a pebble in the shoe. Most cases improve with footwear changes and simple measures.

Written bySteven J. Lee, MD · Double Fellowship-Trained · Hand & Sports Medicine
Last reviewed · May 2026

Morton's neuroma is a thickening and irritation of one of the small nerves that run between the long bones of the foot to the toes, most often between the third and fourth toes. The nerve becomes compressed and inflamed, producing pain and altered sensation in the forefoot.

People often describe burning pain into the toes, numbness, or the feeling of a pebble underfoot or a sock bunched up. Tight or narrow shoes and high heels make it worse, which is why footwear is the first thing addressed.

Symptoms

Typical complaints include:

  • Burning or sharp pain in the ball of the foot, often into the toes
  • A sensation of a pebble underfoot or a bunched-up sock
  • Numbness or tingling between the toes
  • Relief when taking the shoe off and rubbing the foot

How it is diagnosed

Morton's neuroma is usually diagnosed by examination, squeezing the forefoot reproduces the pain and sometimes a click. Ultrasound or MRI confirms it and rules out other causes when the picture is unclear, and a diagnostic injection can help.

Dr. Lee's approach

Most Morton's neuromas improve without surgery. Dr. Lee starts with the highest-yield change, wider, lower-heeled shoes with a roomy toe box, along with a metatarsal pad that takes pressure off the nerve, and activity modification.

A corticosteroid injection relieves many cases that do not settle with footwear alone. For persistent pain, options include further injections or surgery to decompress or remove the irritated nerve. The plan escalates only as far as the symptoms require.

Non-surgical treatment

Most patients improve with:

  • Wider, lower-heeled shoes with a roomy toe box
  • A metatarsal pad to offload the nerve
  • Activity modification
  • A corticosteroid injection for cases that do not settle with footwear

Surgical treatment

For pain that persists despite footwear changes and injections, surgery either decompresses the nerve by releasing the tight tissue over it or removes the irritated segment of nerve. The choice depends on the situation and prior treatment.

Recovery timeline

Recovery depends on the treatment:

  1. Non-surgical
    Footwear changes and a metatarsal pad bring relief over weeks; an injection can speed it.
  2. After surgery, weeks 0 to 4
    Protected weight-bearing in a stiff-soled shoe, with wound care.
  3. Weeks 4 to 8
    Progressive return to normal footwear and activity.

What patients commonly misunderstand

Two reassuring points:

  • It is a nerve, not a tumor. Despite the name 'neuroma,' it is an irritated, thickened nerve, not a cancer. The concern is symptoms and function, not malignancy.
  • Shoes matter most at first. The single highest-yield change is roomier, lower-heeled footwear with a metatarsal pad. Many cases settle with footwear and a pad before any injection or surgery.

This page is general educational content authored by Dr. Lee. It is not a substitute for individual medical advice. Every patient's case is different, book a consultation to discuss yours.

Patient questions

Morton's neuroma, answered.

  • What does Morton's neuroma feel like?

    Most people describe burning or sharp pain in the ball of the foot that radiates into the toes, often with numbness and the sensation of a pebble underfoot or a bunched-up sock. Tight or high-heeled shoes make it worse, and taking the shoe off and rubbing the foot brings relief.

  • Is it a tumor?

    No. Despite the name 'neuroma,' it is an irritated, thickened nerve between the toes, not a cancer. The reason to treat it is the pain and altered sensation it causes, not any concern about malignancy.

  • Will I need surgery?

    Most people avoid it. Most Morton's neuromas improve with roomier, lower-heeled footwear and a metatarsal pad, and a corticosteroid injection helps many that do not settle with footwear alone. Surgery, which decompresses or removes the irritated nerve, is reserved for pain that persists despite these measures.

Next step

Burning forefoot pain like a pebble underfoot? Start with the simple things.

Morton's neuroma is an irritated nerve between the toes, and most cases improve with footwear changes, a metatarsal pad, and sometimes an injection. Surgery is reserved for pain that persists despite these measures.